The front of the cards:

The back of the cards:

Using the Cards
Each card has two functions. Firstly during the discussion about the motion it allows the chairperson to moderate the flow of people’s contributions based on the quality of what the person has to say and it’s relevance with a non-verbal cue.

For the next stage of the motion when it comes time to vote it allows people to quickly direct their preference with greater fidelity than a For/Against show of hands. If it is fully integrated then peoples level of acceptance or denial can be recorded quickly based on the colours.

Applying the Tool
I was experiencing some unruly meetings and thought that this might give people a bit more of a pause before they spoke. I printed out enough copies onto the relevant coloured card and then put each in an envelope.

I introduced the cards to the group at the start of the meeting and explained that I wanted us to try and use them so that everyone could be heard and the important matters of the day could be dealt with, there was some hesitation and reluctance. Some people didn’t even look at their set. Enough people were co-operative though.

This is the first time something like this has been introduced and these community meetings had been running for a very long time. However all could agree that there was some dysfunction.
The chairperson started the formalities of the meeting and after a short while the usual off-topic banter started up.
There was a return to order and then something new happened.

A shareholder who I had never heard speak at meetings took her red card and held it up, she was given the floor. She told the meeting how she felt unsafe and unable to speak and contribute at the meetings because of aggressive behaviour from some of the others, she said how her friends didn’t even come to the meetings anymore for the same reasons. The meeting was silenced as everyone took in her words and then slowly there was an acknowledgment of what she was saying, other shareholders offered her support and the whole level of communication changed.

Despite this early success, when it came time around for the next meeting the cards were refused by some, and taken but not used by others. This is a new kind of protocol and I felt without the support of group and the chair to carry it forward and insist on it’s application I was going to struggle to see it become part of the accepted protocol.

It is a shame really and I look forward to using the tools in a newer group that is still forming and open to the new.

I have made the cards on a 3×3 grid for an A4 page. They are intended to be printed on a coloured cardboard (then laminated ideally) using the front and back images. Although, once the group is familiar with them, the colour should be enough.

Here are the high quality PDF files for download:
yellowback
yellow
Redback
Red
purpleback
purple
orangeback
orange
greenback
green
Blueback
Blue

We needed something immediately for our daily function. I was referred a book by a friend and very quickly was using the bucket technique espoused so eloquently by Sir Joseph Jenkins in his timeless classic “The Humanure Handbook”. He isn’t really a knight, but is absolutely deserving of the high honours of the planet & society. http://humanurehandbook.com
The bucket system has it’s limitations though. Several key problems arose. Firstly was the labour of making the compost and the necessity for each batch to go well. Then there was the issue of visitors who were not familiar and quite uncomfortable with the concept, we wanted people to be accepting of humanure composting, and that wasn’t going to happen by throwing them in the shallow end of a shit bucket. The last was that it is illegal to have such a system and that was an argument that we didn’t want to have with the local council.

So we continued to brainstorm ideas, research and experience composting toilets around the area. We are lucky, this is one of the pioneering areas of the concept. There are a lot of examples and several generations of design as the flaws were worked out.
We like to think visually, so I made a mind map.

We finally settled on the double concrete chamber batch model. It’s key feature is that the owner never need come into contact with raw material. When one chamber is filled, it is sealed and left until the other is full. This can take over 18 months for two people, by that time the ingredients are well decomposed. From above it can be made as respectable as any flush toilet room and it is very unlikely that the user is exposed to their deposit as the chamber is dark (this can be a limitation for those that like to inspect). Finally if it is adequately sealed and the final product is buried council is quite happy.

With all our requirements met, we set about it. We acquired the plans from a local fellow named Ray Flanagan, who can be contacted at rayzor.flanagan@gmail.com. They are very comprehensive and we can highly recommend getting them. He has given me permission to post this sample image.

Next we called around for local builders who were familiar with the design. I ordered the materials listed in the construction plans and had them delivered.

For the next step of this project see Composting Toilet in the Systems Page.

I kept records of the materials and their cost. It is separated into the two phases of the project, the composting chambers and the timber frame.

Once the chambers were complete and we had overcome the difficulties of floating the slab we were onto the upstairs section, or as I came to know it the toilet house.

First I drew up clear plans using the only construction technique I was familiar with “post & beam”.

I took these to a friend, who told me that the post and beam was unnecessary in this case as the wall frames could hold the roof up (& down). So I redrew the plans, this time including the option to connect to the house via a covered walkway.

Unfortunately these plans lacked the detail needed to actually build them. At this point, I’d had enough of drawing and redrawing and decided it was an excellent opportunity for me further develop my skills in the free 3d modelling software called Google Sketch-up http://www.google.com/sketchup .
I’d tried sketchup once before, but the time wasn’t right and i’d got frustrated at the process of learning something new and felt that I could draw it quicker.
I used the software to make it as I wanted it and then could alter the design easily. I initially sketched out the model to be roof style neutral.

From there I added the more complex gable style roof as a new layer.

Upon looking at the images, I decided that the gable roof would add too much complexity to the initial build and any future effort to join it to the house via the covered walk way. So I removed that roof and added a simple shed style instead.

Now that I was happy with the design, I added the necessary detail in order to build it.

With that in place we organised for some local carpenters to come over and help us put it all together. www.woodtex.net
See the Compost Toilet in Systems for more details of the construction.

Here are the costings for the upstairs toilet house.
Toilet Hardwood Timber Frame House with Colorbond Roof

Shortly before the session began, Robyn Francis and I sketched out a rough timeline and the key areas to cover:
Project Open Day Planning Process

The process got off to a slow start, as is often common after lunch. To bring the people back into the space Robyn started singing and others quickly joined in. This icebreaking process is an area for me to strengthen.

Once we were together I opened with some of the previous Open Day experiences and observations that I had made. I projected photos of some of the presentations & displays from past students.
This set a context for others and provided a space to impart some of the lessons that had been previously learned.

We then moved outside and setup butchers paper with the key areas.

Key Areas
The key areas were:
- Theme
- Activities
- Logistics
- Promotion

I instructed the group to walk around each of these areas and write their ideas down. There was some confusion with the theme sheet, in a future process, it may be worth exploring the purpose of the theme in the beginning. The rest were evidently self explanatory.

“Practical Solutions for Eco-Friendly Living & Design” was the outcome from this sheet.

My role during this process was to answer questions that were brought up, encourage everyone to contribute to each of the areas and manage the time.
When we were nearing the end of the time allocated it appeared that people where moving their focus from the task and more toward conversations about the things written. I then gathered the group back together and we moved around each sheet and had someone read out all the things that were written.
Some things were added, some removed and some explained further during this process.

Target Groups

Next we moved back inside the classroom. With the sheets now on the ground in front of us we discussed the target groups for promotion and activities.

Kids and schools was raised as a group to be targeted. Robyn discouraged this and told the story of a year when some kids went through the orchard and pulled off every piece of fruit from the trees, the gardens’ next six months supply of citrus. As well as the importance of being aware of the hazards that exist in that gardens such as the dams.
Tracy told the group about last year’s “kid’s tent” that was setup for those families that came with kids and how that worked quite well.

The class explored the kinds of people that would be interested while Robyn and I wrote them on the whiteboard.

Target Groups:
- future students
- past students
- community activists
- local community
- environment centres
- land owners
- people interested in transition
- health care workers
- gardening groups
- families
- foodies
- survivalists
- school teachers
- uni and tafe students
- older people (able/mobile)
- local politicians
- local business

Aims & Objectives

I asked the class to form groups of three and handed out a six post-it-notes to each group. I instructed them to write out what they thought might be the Aim’s and Objectives of the day. They were given 5 minutes. When the time was up, a member of each group read out one of their post-it’s and stuck it on the board. If any other group had a similar note, it was stuck next to it. This was repeated around the class until all the notes had been stuck up.

True to the permaculture principles, the event has many functions.

- Raising community awareness & connection
- Education
- Fun environment
- Offering solutions ie: answering questions
- Fundraising
- Setting to be workable
- Promote Permaculture, Principles & Practices
- Maximise ticking off of SKOPE sheets

It serves to make the wider community aware of Djanbung Gardens, Permaculture College Australia, and Permaculture itself.

Raising money to cover the expenses of the day as well as fund projects and equipment to further the Aims of Djanbung Gardens.

It is also a key vehicle for many competencies for the APT students, providing them with the opportunity to engage with the community, communicate permaculture principles & practices and their application as well as gain confidence and experience with public speaking.

The event is also a an opportunity to demonstrate their organisation and management skills.

Area’s of Responsibility

The planning process provided a space and a brief for the students to establish what the key areas were to encompass. From the butchers paper the students were able to narrow down with some guidance from myself and Robyn what the roles and tasks were to be.

These key roles were then voluntarily self-assigned a co-ordinator from the group based on their ability and interest. Others also indicated their willingness to support them, or particular skills that they could offer.

Strategic Plan – Caroline, diploma students
Secretary – Rotating
Promotion
Social Networking – Tracey
Desktop Publishing – John, Bel
Radio & Community Bulletin – Caroline, Lynne
Face To Face – Bel, Hilary
Press Release – Tracey, John
Site Co-ordination – Shannon, Veg
Rosters – Shelley
Signs – Bel
Static Display – Vicki, Tracey
Canteen (menu, prep, deliveries, baking) – Ben
First Aid – Nick, Seb, Guy, John, Vicki, Bel, Janelle, Michelle
Program Co-ordinator – Lynne, Bel, John, Caroline
Kids Activities – Sal?

From this information I created a time line and published it on the permaculture.com.au forums ready to guide the next meeting.

I was satisfied with the work done by the group and my facilitation. We achieved all the desired outcomes on time. The group were active in the process and I feel there is a sense of ownership of the results and commitment to their roles & responsibilities. I look forward to following through with continued planning meetings and the day itself.

Costing of Process

The materials required are:
Large Format 600×850 sheets of flipbook paper – $38
Enough Pens for Everyone – ~$12
Total: $50

Variable Costs:
Hiring of Facilitator – 4 hours @ $30/hr – $120
Rental of the space – 5 hours @ $10 / hr – $50

For a total cost of around $220 depending on variable factors.

Project Swag House Materials List

I found during each build that there was a stage where things looked really ugly, as if all you had done was waste a lot of time, money and made a huge mess. I came to recognise and enjoy that moment, it meant that soon things would look better and work would again seem to get traction.

The building process changed me.
When I first started building I would chronically over estimate. Whether it was a quantity of materials or cut on a piece of wood instead of aiming for exactness, I would add a bit. Sometimes a lot. With materials I would justify it to myself by saying something along the lines of “the delivery fee is the same, so a few extra spares are better value” or “I can always cut a bit more off but I can’t add any back on”.
My initial planning was often quite good and those extra, unnecessary items would remain unused first becoming clutter, then waste. Those bits of wood would need to be cut again, wasting time and interrupting my flow. It took a quite a few lessons before I readjusted my sights for as close to exact as I could get it and then focus in to hone that, instead spending time dealing with the excess.
It takes time for skills to catch up with new intentions but the pile of leftovers has been getting progressively smaller as projects go on.

Some surplus items are more durable and useful that others. In this composting toilet build, excess concrete blocks quickly found their way to other jobs (such as keeping timber off the ground). The extra unnecessary bags of cement went off and were good for a fraction of their potential. I drilled a hole into them and dyna-bolted a right angle bracket to form a weak footing for a shed.

When you are self building it is possible to enter a timeless state of being. In this state you are focused entirely on the task at hand, each activity effortlessly flows into the next. Mind and body are in harmony and my will is able to be realised in earth, stone and wood. I would see a clear image of what I wanted to do in my mind and then the steps required to get there.

There are a few conditions that I found inhibited this flow state.

The running of a generator or petrol motor.
Mixing concrete by hand is exhausting, heavy work. Using the petrol mixer greatly sped up proceedings and reduced the callousness of the work, but increased the rate that ingredients needed to be collected from their respective sand, gravel and cement piles as well as further loading our senses with the noise and fumes of the machine. Once the power system was connected, an electric mixer made the process far more enjoyable.

I am yet to order a truck of cement but I look forward to the opportunity to do away with the mixing process entirely.
There is a certain honour in taking time and expending effort into something that has cost the earth a lot to provide, will last many decades and is responsible for holding the entire structure together. That being said, mixing concrete would be my least favourite of the many and varied jobs on the building site.

Accurate assessment of the scale of the works makes the process as clean and easy as it can be. For patching, a bucket is fine. For mortaring the wheelbarrow is often enough because of the pace of the process. Once you start pouring more than a half a cubic meter of foundations a mechanical mixer becomes worth its while. When you get to 3 cubic meters, or a decent sized slab then it is worthy of a cement truck load.

When mixing larger quantities of concrete it is very important to take the time to set up the space. It is easy to see the difference from our initial attempts at foundation mixing to the more recent.

The use of power tools greatly speeds up work. I found electric saws and drills did not distract my own mental focus as long as they were connected to our solar power system (although I am sure that they are to those around me).

Unfortunately our most powerful drill at full torque load which is required when driving long batten screws into hardwood would overload the inverter and require us to use the generator.

I found it much more difficult to maintain my personal rhythm with the generator on, it was difficult to relax and the team was more prone to be irritable or impatient with each other and the work. I felt an extra pressure to get the job over with so that I could turn it off again. There is a numbing of our sensitivity and that sensitivity is essential for the detailed, quality work standard that we wanted.

There is a recognised tension between speed, cost and quality.

Material Selection
One of the Permaculture principles is use and value renewable resources. There is a good range of natural building materials, and often there is one that is uniquely suited to a particular site. Timber was my first choice in most cases. It is a renewable resource that is warm, durable, workable, modular, transportable and beautiful.
I like earth buildings but saw their vulnerabilities in the subtropical conditions near Nimbin. One local natural building we inspected had mud wasps raiding the earth bricks for their own homes. Our sandy soil was not suitable for it either, a particular balance of sand & clay is required. Tons of raw material would need to be brought on site and oversized foundations need to be made.

For the poles we were able to use trees that were felled from our block. It was extremely satisfying to have such a close circle from felling to final use. The trees were selected for their suitability, solar gain to the house & gardens and proximity for moving. Some of the trees were also a considerable risk to the existing assets, so a local tree climber was employed to put a rope up and ensure that they fell exactly where we wanted them.
Green round timber is very heavy and the trees that best fit the bill were Grey Iron Bark, among the hardest and heaviest of all.

Timber lends itself well to future extension being easy to cut, drill and bolt on to.

It has limitations in lengths and spans. Lengths from our local mill were a very good price up to 4.5 m. Beyond that meant longer waiting times and higher price per meter. Maximum timber spans are set by the Australian Standard Building Code, they are shorter than the equivalent dimension in steel.

For dimensional timbers we chose to use untreated, green milled native hardwoods from Hogan’s Mill in Kyogle. The availability & affordability of these large dimension hardwoods will vary greatly with the area.

Another key consideration in their selection was the full product life cycle. Other competing building products become toxic waste at the end of their usable life, such as treated pine & laminated beams.

The use of recycled timber was considered but we couldn’t justify the time it would take to source the materials and prepare them for reuse. If upfront capital was less available than our free time then this option would have been more closely considered. We did investigate it, visiting and questioning Keber in Murwillumbah who offer high quality recycled timber, but found the price difference not able to justify the advantages. Recycled timber also tends to be much harder to drill and saw than green timber, this is already a big factor in using hardwoods.

Roofing
Colourbond steel was the most available & affordable roofing material. It seems to have surpassed zincalume and galvanised iron. It is widely available from a selection of suppliers in Lismore. Hurfords Steel was our supplier for half our projects. Some other tin for the sheds was acquired piece by piece from Nimbin Building Supplies, it was new offcuts or seconds that came in various lengths at a much better price.

Seconds and offcuts vary from recycled roofing in that they don’t already have holes drilled for the roofing screws. Recycled pieces are mostly suited to wall cladding, covering other materials or other lower order uses where full integrity isn’t required. If it is all you have available be sure to lay it so the holes are on the high point of the channels and then seal them with silicone.

For the deck roof we chose our first “hi-tech” material in polycarbonate. We did this because of the desire to maintain direct sunlight entering the house from the north east.

The latest generation poly carbonate promises to correct some of the shortcomings of previous clear roofing materials such as brittleness over time, clouding, yellowing/browning & flammability. It also comes with a lifetime warranty. The true test for it will come with time and inevitably the time will come that it becomes landfilled plastic waste.

One of the limitations of using polycarbonate, and most clear roofing products is that they are not strong enough to stand on like a regular metal roof. When I next use the material again I would definitely compromise the amount of light entering and alternate between colourbond and poly sheets so that the roof is still mostly traffic-able for ease of cleaning and palm frond removal.
It is also possible to get various grades of light and heat permeability, I chose clear for the greatest transmission of both. This isn’t normally recommended but our site is special in that come mid-summer it has tree cover for all but a couple of hours, preventing overheating. The roof is also very high and the room is quite breezy.

Site Management
It is important to keep the building site as clean and organised as possible. Constantly spending time looking for tools, materials or ways through the site makes for a very expensive and frustrating build. When working with other people, make sure all your tools are clearly marked and be consistent and insistent that things are put back where they belong. A good clean workspace to grind, sharpen and oil tools such as chisels and chainsaws is well worth the effort, working with blunt tools is difficult, dangerous and very frustrating.

Just as important as the physical site is the mental site. Have a good clear plan with the necessary steps of the process, mistakes can quickly compound if a step is skipped over or a mistake is made. Such as not double checking the string lines before digging, and assuming without making sure that the holes are in the right spot before pouring the concrete.

Good communication skills are a critical tool to have in the toolbox. Maintaining goodwill and trust amongst all the people involved in the build is very important for things to flow smoothly. It allows for people to look out for one another, another perspective is very helpful in seeing potentials arise before they become problems.

Building while overly tired, stressed or intoxicated is inviting an accident and never saves time. Mistakes need to be fixed and injuries can take a very long time to heal. Thankfully I was blessed by clear lessons from those around me and have not been injured any more seriously than scratches, splinters and sprains so far. A friend cut himself very badly using a grinder without a firm two-handed grip.
With that in mind, this is physical work and a bit of fatigue is inevitable and signals to the body that it needs to build muscle & stamina. It is quite natural to feel tired after a long days work.

Reflection
I found that building as close to standard practice as possible makes a much easier build, especially when working with other people. Our substructure is very ordinary, straight lines, squares, standard lengths etc.

When it comes to the components that you actually see and touch to we put the extra time and effort into working with natural materials in their raw form or adding custom details. This pattern adds a uniqueness, magic and character to a building that we found to be the most endearing features. It also goes a long way to bringing the new structure into harmony with its environment.

Using round timbers and natural stone does take extra time to work around the inherent irregularities. However once the job is done those frustrating elements transform into the most beautiful features.

Building is exciting, amazing and empowering. The absolute best part is when it is finally over however and you can clean it all up and start to live in the new space you have just created.

1.0 Edited 24.8.2010

On the way home from dropping Robin and Jo at the airport, I called into a tender auction in Murwillumbah.
There stacked in the corner was 5 camphor and 3 red ceder slabs. I put my bid in and cross my fingers.

And I Won!

With our parents coming up at the same time for a big lunch here – I wanted to make a beautiful table for us to all sit around.

A friend supplied some of the tools I needed, and the energy.

We worked without breaks from 9am till 2pm. Some custom legs were made from a hand shaped sapling trunk. The table is so low – the legs are properly dowled in and give enormous strength + stability.

The results at the end of the first day. Help will return on Monday morning to finish. We still need to join the pieces together with the other leg unit, grind the edge to a smooth finish and sanding.

It is a very beautiful wood, very hard but also quite light.

We have already had our first cup of tea on it!

We made beer, based on the cascade brewers kit. In beer, malt is mixed with water and dextrose and a starter culture of yeast. It is very important to sterilize all the bottles and equipment it is a fertile breeding ground in the warm, sugar rich mix and contamination is possible.

Beer has been brewed from surplus grains for thousands of years.

The organisms that perform this magic actually float around freely and naturally in the air.
However they go to work when conditions are anaerobic. When brewing beer, the gas is allowed to escape. When raising bread small bubbles of CO2 are trapped in the gluten pockets of wheat.

First to get the required mix, we made a pancake batter from yeast, salt flour, sugar and water. This was allowed time on a prewarmed brick from the oven to activate and begin to rise.

That was then mixed with more flour to thicken up and allowed to rise again. Finally it was kneeded and put in a pan to bake.
Fermentation preserves food. Harvests often come with a pulse of abundance and then a long period before another it is important to store this food so you are able to enjoy it over a long period without it spoiling.

We prepared a Korean preserved called Kumchee. Vegetables are chopped, traditionally cabbage which gains additional nutritional properties when fermented. We also added onions, cucumbers, thai basil and carrot. This is then flavoured with spices. They are all mixed together with sugar and allowed to sit in the sun with the lid ajar.

The fermentation itself can take a few weeks. The organisms grow and reproduce, which then grow and reproduce again this will continue as long as the conditions of temperature (they slow down in cold and are killed in high) and food supply remain.

It can also add new and interesting flavours. We prepared a tamerillo chutney. Tamarillo were peeled, left in water with a spoon of vinegar so that they oxidize. They stain the hands brown. Then they were finely diced, and put in a pot with sugar – this was boiled with a secret blend of herbs and spices passed down to us from Wayne.

Sido facilitated this class for the first time. She was great. The weather was overcast with rain, so Goanna was a nice spot to add nutrients, flavour, life and longevity to the harvest.

There are other ways to preserve food. It is the aggressive action of oxygen and bacteria that causes food to go bad. By boiling jars with special lids, the bacteria is killed. When cooled the vessels are vacuum sealed, stopping any air getting inside. Stored in a dry, dark, cool place this will keep vegetables fresh for a very long time.

This is very important, i’ve had some feedback recently on both these forums. My actual experience has developed my confidence in delivering lucid descriptions and instructions for on the fly decisions when building. As complexity increases though a good plan becomes essential.

Drawing to scale also means that distances can be accurately calculated off the plan.

The list of conventions are.

Scale
A scale that is appropriate to the page size is to be used and clearly labelled. For clarity the scale should be consistent across the page. Enlargements of details can be taken and drawn to their own appropriate scale and this should be labelled clearly.

Dimensioning
Known lengths and dimensions should be drawn lightly where appropriate. Measurements are often in mm.

Lettering
This should be clear.

Line Weights.
Heavy objects attract heavier line weights. As do closer objects, when there is 3 dimensions showing in a section for instance.

The ground should have the heaviest line weight.

Keys and Labels
Often only one is necessary, if there are patterns that repeat a key is often more appropriate.

North Arrow
This is a must to orient the drawing in real space. Normally it is pointing to the top of the page.

Colour
This will influence your style. If presenting to a client or architect, colour is very important to convey information. That same information is not so important to the builder, so depending on the brief of the plan – use colours.

Here is a shed i’d like to build for my motorbike and related bits and pieces.
I’m enjoying the challenge of this type of drawing. I will definitely use the lessons it has taught me and take on bigger, more complex projects.

So far we have the west wing of the house to develop and link with the freestanding composting toilet. There is also possible integration with a concrete water tank. There is scope in the pour for a deck to the south-west to act as a seamless, step-less entryway to the kitchen level of the split level house.

And at this point we can all see the value in a detailed, accurate plan.

Diversity

Three Systems- Water Storage, Electricity, Water heating

Diversity in Water Storage

- Concrete (most expensive, long term, best quality)

- Steel (short term, reasonable price)

- Poly plastic (mid term, cheap, leaves residue)

- Dam (huge volume, cheapest, vulnerable to contamination)

Diversity in Electricity

- Photovoltaic

- Hydroelectric

- Wind power

Diversity in Water Heating

- Solar

- Slow combustion wetback

- Methane Gas boost

Short Phrase:
“The more the merrier; variety is the spice of life!”

Summary of Principle, and Explanation of Visual Integration.

Diversity:
In general, designing for and incorporating diversity adds wealth to a system. When many
elements aid the same function dependence on any one is reduced and resilience is integrated.

System 1: Water

Water enters the storage system from both rainfall and a small creek.
Rainfall is intermittent coming as a large quantity pulse and
then nothing until the next pulse. There is a short step between the source and system in rainfall collection.

Rainwater is very clean and after being filtered is the most suitable for
drinking. A tank added to the system to collect the water run off from the
roof can regulate the flow to the pattern of consumption as well
as allow any sediment to settle. There are several other filtration options to increase purity.

The creek flow is more consistent but slow. The creek is a shared resource running through many unknown systems. This affects the water quality arriving into this managed area. Creek water is most suitable for irrigation of gardens and cleaning.

These uses both require a much larger quantity of water and are more tolerant of quality. The
gardens can even benefit from the additional nutrients found in creek
water that are absent from the rain.
Larger water storage systems such as a dam can further regulate the flow and therefore lessen the negative impact on the system in the event of a flood or drought.

Through the use of natural ecological systems the water flowing out of the managed area is of a higher quality than that which flows in.

Systems 2 & 3: Electrical Energy and Hot Water

Electrical energy can enter the system either by the sun powered
photovoltaic cells, a small water powered hydro generator turbine or
a wind powered generator.

When the sun is shining, the photovoltaic cells generate most of the power and water is heated by a solar hotwater panel.

In nature, energy can also be stored from the sun for long term usage in trees.
When these are sustainably harvested or coppiced they provide
efficient fuel for heating and wetback system
also heats water in a tank.

When sufficient, a further alternative is a hotwater booster heater using natural methane gas (energy which has been generated by the fermentation of pig outputs.).

Nature is varied, abundant and diverse. This is a wonderfully successful approach. There are always many solutions to a problem, following this pattern and using natural diversity encourages variety and abundance in the system.

As part of my Qualifications in Permaculture I have to meticulously record all the details of the work that I do. The course is competency based and differs from the old “listen – study – exams” model.
We are briefed on an actual project, shown an example and do the work. This way we gain actual practical experience and are able to assessed on the spot.

For this bush experience system to gel with the existing structure, the course is auspiced by a Registered Training Organization / TAFE. The facilitator needs to have comprehensive records so that they can present evidence to them in case of an audit.

For my own integration I am going to rewrite my notes, include any photos i’ve taken and publish them online here.

An example of Activity Based Training is Composting.

You can find it in the gardening category along the top.